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Objective:To systematically evaluate the intervention effect of exposure and response prevention (ERP) on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods:PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP-CSTJ were used to collect randomized controlled studies related to ERP for OCD.Randomized controlled studies that met the criteria were included, with the score of Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale as the primary outcome indicator and the scores of anxiety and depression scale as secondary outcome indicators, while the included literatures were evaluated for literature quality and data extraction.Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 16.0 softwares were used to conduct Meta-analysis on the extracted data.Results:Twenty-seven studies with a total of 1 239 patients were included, and 599 cases in the ERP group and 640 cases in the control group.Meta-analysis results showed that the efficacy of ERP group was significantly better than that of blank control group(MD=-6.55, 95% CI: -8.75--4.35, P<0.001) and significantly better than chlorpromazine control group treatment (MD=-5.88, 95% CI: -8.20--3.56, P<0.001) for improving patients' obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not significantly different from CBT intervention (MD=0.21, 95% CI: -1.62-2.04, P=0.82), and the efficacy of ERP and CBT had no significant during the post-intervention follow-up period (MD=0.41, 95% CI: -2.45-3.27, P=0.78). For improving patients' depressed mood, ERP was effective in improving patients' depressed mood (SMD=-0.45, 95% CI: -0.74--0.17, P=0.002), but not significantly different from CBT (SMD=-0.05, 95% CI: -0.27-0.16, P=0.62). For improving anxiety, the efficacy of ERP group was not different from that of control group (SMD=-0.17, 95% CI: -0.56-0.23, P=0.41). Conclusion:ERP has good feasibility in improving obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depression in patients with OCD.However, long-term efficacy was not verified for improving anxiety and maintaining long-term efficacy during the follow-up period.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients in Tibet.Methods:A total of 239 patients with DR who received treatment in Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region from December 2017 to December 2018 were included in this study. They were divided into Han nationality and Zang nationality groups according to ethnicity. The condition of DR was evaluated with nonmydriatic ocular fundus photography according to the staging criteria of the severity of retinopathy.Results:The prevalence of DR in Tibet was 18.0％. The prevalence of DR in Tibetan and Han patients with diabetes was 17.5% and 19.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of DR between Tibetan and Han patients with diabetes ( χ2 = 0.10, P = 0.754). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of developing DR in Tibet included diabetes duration ( OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.24, P < 0.05), insulin therapy ( OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.09-6.89, P < 0.05), fasting plasma glucose ( OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.07-1.75, P < 0.05) and hypertension ( OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.02-3.86, P < 0.05). Diabetes duration and fasting plasma glucose are independent risk factors of DR. However, although elevated glycated hemoglobin levels were high in Tibet, they could not be used to predict the risk for developing DR ( OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.82-1.25, P > 0.05). Conclusion:Hyperglycemia is an important risk factor of developing DR in Tibet. However, elevated glycated hemoglobin levels cannot be used to predict the risk of developing DR in Tibet. Findings from this study fill the gap in the research on DR prevalence and ethic difference of DR prevalence, providing scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of DR in high-altitude areas.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of levetiracetam on bone metabolism and thyroid hormone levels in children with epilepsy.Methods:A total of 20 children with epilepsy first diagnosed in our hospital from July 2016 to June 2017 were selected as the treatment group, the other 20 children who received physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group.The treatment group was given oral LEV monotherapy for 12 months.The changes of bone metabolism indexes[blood calcium, blood phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activities, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, 25-(OH)D], bone mineral density(BMD)and serum thyroid hormone(triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone) in the control group and the treatment group were detected before, 6 and 12 months after medication.Results:(1)There were no statistically significant differences in bone metabolism indexes and BMD between the control group and the treatment group before medication( P>0.05). The differences showed no statistically significant in bone metabolism indexes and BMD among different time points of treatment group( P>0.05). (2)There were no significant differences in thyroid hormone levels between the control group and the treatment group before medication( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in thyroid hormone levels among different time points of treatment group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Levetiracetam has no significant effects on bone metabolism and thyroid hormone level in epileptic children.
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Objective:To study the effects of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including Topiramate (TPM), Oxcarbazepine(OXC), Lamotrigine(LTG), and Levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy on bone metabolism in children with epilepsy aged 4-12.Method:s One hundred and sixty children with epilepsy who were diagnosed for the first time at Shanxi Children′s Hospital from July 2016 to June 2017 were selected and given oral TPM (40 cases), OXC (40 cases), LTG (40 cases) and LEV (40 cases) respectively according to the type of seizure.The changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism indexes including serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] before treatment and at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment were observed.Result:s (1) Bone metabolism indicators and BMD had no significant difference among groups before treatment (all P>0.05). (2) After 6 and 12 months of treatment in OXC group, Ca was lower than before treatment[2.38(0.08) mmol/L vs.2.47(0.17) mmol/L, 2.44(0.10) mmol/L vs.2.47(0.17) mmol/L], PTH was higher than before treatment[37.64(17.52) ng/L vs.34.23(20.53) ng/L, 40.74(16.15) ng/L vs.34.23(20.53) ng/L]; Ca in TPM group decreased after 6 and 12 months of treatment[2.40(0.11) mmol/L vs.2.42(0.10) mmol/L, 2.41(0.09) mmol/L vs.2.42(0.10) mmol/L], and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). (3) After 6 and 12 months of treatment, Ca in the OXC group was lower than that in the LEV group[2.38(0.08) mmol/L vs.2.44(0.10) mmol/L, 2.44(0.10) mmol/L vs.2.44(0.12) mmol/L] and LTG group[2.38(0.08) mmol/L vs.2.44(0.13) mmol/L, 2.44(0.10) mmol/L vs.2.42(0.13) mmol/L], and PTH in the OXC group was higher than that in the LEV group[37.64(17.52) ng/L vs.36.52(20.71) ng/L, 40.74(16.15) ng/L vs.31.89(14.84) ng/L] and LTG group[37.64(17.52) ng/L vs.39.39(24.03) ng/L, 40.74(16.15) ng/L vs.33.01(12.20) ng/L], Ca in TPM group after 12 months of treatment was lower than that in the LEV group[2.41(0.09) mmol/L vs.2.44(0.12) mmol/L] and LTG group[2.41(0.09) mmol/L vs.2.42(0.13) mmol/L], and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusions:In the new AEDs, LEV and OXC have no significant effect on bone metabolism.TPM may affect bone metabolism by reducing Ca in children with epilepsy, and OXC may cause the decrease of Ca and the increase of PTH, thereby leading to increased bone turnover in children with epilepsy.
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Objective:To identify differences in association among visceral fat, body mass index, and waist circumference in Hans and Tibetans, and to investigate the associations between visceral adipose tissue and adipokine concentrations in the two ethnics.Methods:This is a mono-centric, cross-sectional observational study including 148 Hans and 150 Tibetans between 18 and 65 years old. The multivariate regression analysis was used in the study.Results:After adjustment of confounders, every 1 kg/m 2 increment of body mass index was coexisted with a larger increment of visceral adipose tissue in Han ethnic group than that in Tibetan [ β: 6.87(95% CI 4.25-9.49) vs 4.84(95% CI 2.57-7.11), P<0.01]. And increased waist circumference with 1 cm was accompanied by larger increment of visceral adipose tissue in Hans than in Tibetans [ β: 4.02(95% CI 3.15-4.89) vs 2.06(95% CI 1.75-3.44), P<0.01]. Tibetan ethnic group had higher levels of adiponectin and leptin than Han ethnic group [(57.06±32.52 vs 75.56±43.95) ng/ml, P<0.01; (98.55±100.46 vs 124.83±111.97) pg/ml, P=0.024]. After adjustment, significant association was documented between adiponectin levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome in Tibetans ( OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99, P=0.007), whereas no association was observed in Hans ( OR=0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.01, P=0.268). Conclusions:The ethnicity significantly affects the adipose distribution, with the same increase of body mass index or waist circumference, the Tibetans′ increase of visceral adipose tissue is less than that of Hans. The two ethnic groups may have their own unique metabolic characteristics.
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Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33-amino acid peptide derived from the tissue-specific, post-translational processing of the proglucagon gene.GLP-2 is a newly discovered,specific for the intestine growth factor that affects gastrointestinal functions including epithelial growth of normal and developing intestinal preventing damage and facilitating intestinal repair in animal models and patients of intestinal disease. GLP-2 also inhibits gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion, up-regulates intestinal blood flow and reduces food intake. The actions of GLP-2 are initiated by activation of the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R), a specific G-protein-linked membrane receptor. This review provides an overview of the physiological, pharmacological, and therapeutic actions of GLP-2 and GLP-2R signaling mechanism, with a focus on the most recent findings on the role of this peptide hormone in the normal and diseased gastrointestinal tract.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Anxin Granules on dyslipidemia in rabbits caused by high fat plus high cholesterol diet. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy New Zealand male white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, untreated group, Zhibituo Tablet-treated group and Anxin Granule-treated group. Rabbits in the normal control group were fed with regular chow, while rabbits in the other three groups were fed with high fat plus high cholesterol diet. Zhibituo Tablets and Anxin Granules were administered to the rabbits in Zhibituo Tablet-treated group and Anxin Granule-treated group at a daily oral dose respectively. At the end of the 10th week, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A(1) (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were tested in each group, and the ultrastructures of the aorta were also observed by an electron microscope. RESULTS: Anxin Granules could reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and ApoB. The results observed by electron microscope showed that, as compared with the untreated group and the Zhibituo Tablet-treated group, the atherosclerosis of aorta in the Anxin Granule-treated group was lighter. And it was found that there were few lipid droplet vacuoles in cytoplasm of the endothelial cells, and various cell organs and elastic membrane were existed, but no lipid droplet vacuoles in cytoplasm of the medial smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSION: Anxin Granules can regulate the metabolism of blood lipid and inhibit the formation of atherosclerosis caused by hyperlipidemia in rabbits.
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[Objective] To observe the preventive and therapeutic effect of Anxin Granules in the treatment of hyperlipidemia [Methods] Thirty - two New Zealand male rabbits were randomized into 4 groups. Groups A, B, C and D were given with common forage, high fat forage, high fat forage with Zhibituo Tablets, high fat forage with Anxin Granules respectively. After 10 weeks of treatment, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and malondialdehyde ( MDA) and activity of superoxide dismustase (SOD) were detected. [ Results ] Anxin Granules decreased the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and MDA. [Conclusion] Anxin Granules has a good effect in preventing and treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis by regulating blood lipid metabolism.
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This paper described the treatment of itaconic acid strain of Aspergillus terreus As 3 2811 with uv irradiation and high temperature The mutant was obtained which grew in culture media containing succinic acid as the only carbon source Its productivity of itaconic acid was 5 times higher than the original strain The producing acid conditions were optimized by orthogonal experimental design By batch feeding glucose fermentation ,the itoconic acid productivity could be improved by 39 92%
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Recent evidences suggest that inflammatory factors play improtant roles in the pathogenesis and development of type 2 diabetes. The interaction of inflammatory factors with adipokines, oxidative stress and immune system causes insulin resistance and impairment of ? cell structure and function, and results in type 2 diabetes. Inflammation hypothesis of diabetes will provide a new research field in the pathogenesis of diabetes and in the development of new preventive and therapeutic drugs for diabetes.